Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Many women experience dysphoria and physical symptoms approximately two weeks before menstruation. The discomfort, both physical and psychological, is associated with the luteal phase, the second half of the menstrual cycle, and typically resolves when menstruation ends. The global prevalence of premenstrual syndrome is estimated at 47.8%, while the most severe form of PMS - Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) affects 3-8% of women of reproductive age. The most common psychological symptoms of PMS include irritability, tearfulness, anxiety, and depressed mood. Physical ones, on the other hand, mainly involve abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, and headaches.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering around nerve fibers in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). This damage slows or blocks nerve signals, leading to a wide range of symptoms. Multiple sclerosis is significantly more common in women. Women are up to three times more likely to develop MS with the most common type, relapsing-remitting MS, being particularly prevalent among women. MS is typically diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40.